做这样的练习时, 学生可以随时找到并借助书面或口头的上下文线索。现以选择题为例:
(A ) That she w ill be ab le to get her carou t of the drivew ay.
(B) That her car w ill be in the w ay of thet ruck.
(C) That the t ruck is b lock ing her view ofthe park.
(D ) That her car w ill be dam aged if shepark s on the st reet.
学生在听音之前从书面提供的4 个答案句子中便可立即确定将要听到的内容主题和语境。
他们从中可找出若干共同点, 如car, t ruck, park,
st reet , drivew ay 等词, 学生通过联想, 就可推测出将要听到的对话肯定与“停放车辆”有关,
因而一听到这段对话, 马上可以做出选择:
Woman: If that t ruck park s there, it w illb lock the drivew ay. I’ll have to back ou t soon.
Man: I’ll ask the driver to park in thest reet.
Question: W hat is the wom an concernedabou t?
话音一落, 学生选择答案(A ) 就确定无疑了。请再看一例填空题:
A ll the dance compan ies inv ited to the fest ival agree to take part. A s the date draw snear, a great deal of wo rk has to be donep rep a ring V egsted Theat re and two o ther largehalls fo r the dancers to p erf orm in them.
学生在听过两遍之后, 可先按所听单词迅速写出空出的词, 然后默读一遍, 从上下文中就意思和语法进行检查, 看这一段读来是否通顺, 然后稍做修正即可。这样的听力练习对于学习英语会有一定的补益, 但对于日常交际, 尤其是对口译工作, 就远远达不到要求, 因为译员在工作时无法找到如此详细的书面线索, 而且, 他听后所要完成的任务也要复杂得多。
用外语交谈, 听力是至关重要的技巧。交谈是否圆满有时取决于我们自己的听力水平, 有时交谈出现障碍, 原因不在我们不善表达, 而在于听力还没有过关。交际对听力的要求比应试听力要高, 但同口译对听力的要求仍具有很大差异。
虽然交谈时没有书面线索可供参考, 但语言是同一的, 思维方式也较为一致。交谈中讲话人的话对听者有种“回声效应”(Echo ing Effect s) , 也可称作“听觉暂留”, 借助这种效应, 谈话双方时常做部分重述, 以期不偏离话题。就是英美人之间对话, 也有这种特点, 例如: (斜体字为重复部分)
A: I w en t to Pompeii and of cou rse w hatyou go to Pompeii fo r is the archaeo logy.
B: To see the ruins.
A: To see the ruins. A nd I w as actuallyseeing the ru in s, bu t sudden ly m y at ten t ionw as caugh t by som eth ing else. He had ju stgone st raigh t up the t ree.
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